Automating Azure AD B2B Guest Invitations using Microsoft Identity Manager

Update: Oct 30 '18 
Also see this post that adds support for Microsoft's updates 
to the Microsoft Graph to include additional information 
about Azure AD B2B Guest users.

Introduction

Earlier this year Microsoft released the Microsoft Identity Manager Azure AD B2B Management Agent. I wrote about using it to write to Azure AD in this post here. As detailed in that post my goal was to write to Azure AD using the MA. I provided an incomplete example of doing that for Guests. This post fills in the gap and unlike the note preceding the post indicates, I’ve updated my MA to use the Graph API over the Azure AD PowerShell Module. It does though work in unison with the Microsoft Azure AD B2B Management Agent.

Overview

The process is;

Using the Microsoft Azure B2B Management Agent connect to an Azure AD Tenant that contains users that you want to invite as Guests to your Tenant. Flow in the naming information for users and their email address and any other metadata that you need to drive the logic for who you wish to invite
Use my Azure AD B2B Invitation Management Agent to automate the invitation of users to your Azure AD Tenant using Azure AD B2B

My Azure AD B2B Invitation Management Agent works in two phases;

Invitation of Users as Guests
Update of Guests with naming information (Firstname, Lastname, DisplayName)

The Azure AD B2B Invite Management Agent uses my favorite PowerShell Management Agent (the Granfeldt PSMA). I’ve posted many times on how to configure it. See these posts here if you are new to it.

Prerequisites

Setting up an Azure AD User Account for the Management Agent

In your Azure AD create a New User that will be used by the Management Agent to invite users to your Azure AD. I named mine B2B Inviter as shown below.

You then want to assign them the Guest inviter role as shown below. This will be enough permissions to invite users to the Azure AD.

However depending on how you want these invitee’s to look, you probably also want their names to be kept consistent with their home Azure AD. To also enable the Management Agent to do that you need to also assign the User administrator role as shown below.

Now log in using that account to Azure AD and change the password. The account is now ready to go.

Management Agent Scripts

The Management Agent uses the Granfeldt PowerShell Management Agent. This is a cut down version of my MIM Azure AD Management Agent.

Schema Script

I’ve kept the schema small with just enough interesting info to facilitate the functionality required. Expand it if you need additional attributes and update the import.ps1 accordingly.

Import.ps1

The Import script imports users from the Azure AD Tenant that you will be inviting remote Azure AD users too (as Guests).

Change line 10 for your file path
Change line 24 for the version of an AzureAD or AzureADPreview PowerShell Module that you have installed on the MIM Sync Server so that the AuthN Helper Lib can be used. Note if using a recent version you will also need to change the AuthN calls as well as the modules change. See this post here for details.
Change line 27 for your tenant name
Change line 47/48 for a sync watermark file
The Import script also contains an attribute from the MA Schema named AADGuestUser that is a boolean attribute. I create the corresponding attribute in the MetaVerse and MIM Service Schemas for the Person/User objectClasses. This is used to determine when a Guest has been successfully created so their naming attributes can then be updated (using a second synchronisation rule).

Export.ps1

The Export script handles the creation (invitation) of users from another azure AD Tenant as Guests as well synchronizing their naming data. It doesn’t include deletion logic, but that is simple enough include a deletion API call based on your MA Deprovisioning logic and requirements.

By default I’m not sending invitation notifications. If you want to send invitation notifications change “sendInvitationMessage“= $false to $true on Line 129. You should then also change the Invitation Reply URL on line 55 to your Tenant/Application.
Change Line 10 for the path for the debug logging
Change Line 24 as per the Import Script if you are using a different version of the help lib
Change Line 27 for your Azure AD Tenant Name

Declarative Sync Rules

I’m not going to cover import flow configurations on the MS Azure AD B2B MA here. See here for that. Below details how I’ve configured my Invitation MA for the Creation/Export functions. My join rule (configured in the Sync Engine Invitation MA Config) is email address as shown below. Not the best anchor as it isn’t immutable. But as we don’t know what the DN is going to be until after it is created this is the next best thing.

Creation Sync Rule

Here are the three attributes I’m syncing to the B2B Invite Management Agent to perform the invitation. I’m using the mail attribute for the DN as it matches the anchor for the schema. We don’t know what objectID will be assigned until the directory service does it. By using email/upn once created we will get the join and won’t end up with two objects on the MA for the same user.

For Inbound I’m flowing in the AADGuestUser boolean value. You will need to create this attribute in the MetaVerse and then the MIM Service. In the MIM Service allow the Sync Service Account to manage the attribute and change the MIM Service Filter Permissions to allow Admins to use the attribute in Sets. Also on the MIM Service MA add an Export flow from the MV to the MIM Service for AADGuestUser.

Naming Update Sync Rule

The second Sync Rule is to update the guests GivenName, Surname and DisplayName. This sync rule has a dependency on the creation sync rule and has a corresponding Set, Workflow and MPR associated with value of the AADGuestUser boolean attribute populated by the Import script. If True (which it will be after successful creation and the confirming import) the second synchronization rule will be applied.

I will trigger an export flow for the three naming attributes.

Example of Inviting Guests

In this example Rick Sanchez is a member of a guest organisation and meets the criteria of my rules to be invited as a guest to our Tenant. We then, that we get an Add for Rick on the B2B Invite MA.

On export Rick is created in our Azure AD as a Guest User

Rick appears in Azure AD as a Guest via the Azure Portal.

Following the confirming import our second sync rule fires and flows through an update to DisplayName and adds GivenName and Surname.

This naming attributes are then successfully exported.

Going to the Azure AD Portal we see that Rick has indeed been updated.

Notification Emails

If you enable notification emails a generic notification email is sent like shown below. The import.ps1 MA script has them disabled by default.

Summary

Using a combination of the Microsoft Azure AD B2B Management Agent and my Azure AD B2B Invitation Management Agent you can automate the invitation of Guest users to your Azure AD Tenant.

April 26, 2018August 27, 2018

How to use the FIM/MIM Azure Graph Management Agent for B2B Member/Guest Sync between Azure Tenants

Introduction

UPDATE: August 2018
As promised below I've finally written up my 
Azure AD B2B Invitation Management Agent. 
You can find it in this post here.

UPDATE: June 2018
When I originally wrote this post the intent was to test
the ability of the Graph MA to export to Azure AD. 
That works.

That then extended to messing with an identity type other 
than member (which works to an extent) but I detailed 
guests. However that is incomplete. I do have a working 
solution that utilises the Graph Invitation API via my 
favourite PowerShell MA (Granfeldt PS MA) and the 
PowerShell cmdlet New-AzureADMSInvitation from the 
Azure AD PowerShell Module.

That solution involves the MS Graph MA connected to a 
Partner tenant to get visibility of partner users and 
then creating relevant users in the home tenant via a 
PowerShell MA and the New-AzureADMSInvitation cmdlet. 
Another MS Graph MA connected to the home tenant provides 
easy visibility of additional guest user attributes for
ongoing functions such as reporting and de-provisioning. 

I will write that up later in July.  Stay tuned and keep
the above in mind when reading this post.

Just landed from the Microsoft Identity Manager Engineering Team is a new Management Agent built specifically for managing Azure Users and Groups and Contacts.

Microsoft have documented a number of scenarios for implementing the management agent. The scenarios the MA has been built for are valid and I have customers that will benefit from the new MA immediately. There is however another scenario I’m seeing from a number of customers that is possible but not detailed in the release notes. That is B2B Sync between Azure Tenants; using Microsoft Identity Manager to automate the creation of Guests in an Azure Tenant.

This could be one-way or multi-way depending on what you are looking to achieve. Essentially this is the Azure equivalent of using FIM/MIM for Global Address List Sync.

Overview

The changes are minimal to the documentation provided with the Management Agent. Essentially;

ensure you enable Write Permissions to the Application you create in the AAD Tenant you will be writing too
Enable the Invite Guest users to the organization permission on the AAD Application
Create an Outbound Sync Rule to an AAD Tenant with the necessary mandatory attributes
Configure the Management Agent for Export Sync Profiles

In the scenario I’m detailing here I’m showing taking a number of users from Org2 and provisioning them as Guests in Org1.

What I’m detailing here supplements the Microsoft documentation. For configuring the base MA definitely checkout their documentation here.

Microsoft Graph Permissions

When setting up the Graph Permissions you will need to have Write permissions to the Target Azure AD for at least Users. If you plan to also synchronize Groups or Contacts you’ll need to have Write permissions for those too.

In addition as we will be automating the invitation of users from one Tenant to another we will need to have the permission ‘Invite guest users to the organization’.

With those permissions selected and while authenticated as an Administrator select the Grant Permissions button to assign those permissions to the Application.

Repeat this in both Azure AD Tenants if you are going to do bi-directional sync. If not you only need write and invite permissions on the Tenant you will be creating Guest accounts in.

Creating the Import/Inbound Sync Rules Azure Tenants

Here is an example of my Import Sync Rules to get Members (Users) in from an Azure Tenant. I have an inbound sync rule for both Azure Tenants.

Make sure you have ‘Create Resource in FIM‘ configured on the source (or both if doing bi-directional) Graph Connector.

The attribute flow rules I’ve used are below. They are a combination of the necessary attributes to create the corresponding Guest account on the associated management agent and enough to be used as logic for scoping who gets created as a Guest in the other Tenant. I’ve also used existing attributes negating the need to create any new ones.

Creating the Export/Outbound Sync Rule to a Partner B2B Tenant

For your Export/Outbound rule make sure you have ‘Create resource in external system’ configured.

There are a number of mandatory attributes that need to be flowed out in order to create Guests in Azure AD. The key attributes are;

userType = Guest
accountEnabled = True
displayName is required
password is required (and not export_password as normally required on AD style MA’s in FIM/MIM)
mailNickname is required
for dn and id initially I’m using the id (flowed in import to employeeID) from the source tenant. This needs to be provided to the MA to get the object created. Azure will generate new values on export so we’ll see a rename come back in on the confirming import
userPrincipalName is in the format of
- SOURCEUPN (with @ replaced with _ ) #EXT# DestinationUPNSuffix
- e.g user1_org2.com#EXT#org1.com

Here is an example of building a UPN.

Sets, Workflows and MPR’s

I didn’t need to do anything special here. I just created a Set based on attributes coming in from the source Azure Tenant to scope who gets created in the target Tenant. An MPR that looks for transition into the Set and applies the Workflow that associates the Sync Rule.

End to End

After synchronizing in from the source (B2B Org 2) the provisioning rules trigger and created the Users as Guests on B2B Org 1.

Looking at the Pending Export we can see our rules have applied.

On Export the Guest accounts are successfully created.

On the confirming import we get the rename as Azure has generated a new CN and therefore DN for the Guest user.

Looking into Azure AD we can see one of our new Guest users.

Summary

Using the Microsoft Azure B2B Graph Management Agent we can leverage it to create users from one Tenant as Azure AD Members in another Tenant. Stay tuned for another post detailed the solution detailed in the Update in the Introduction.

September 19, 2017September 19, 2017

Enabling and using Managed Service Identity to access an Azure Key Vault with Azure PowerShell Functions

Introduction

At the end of last week (14 Sept 2017) Microsoft announced a new Azure Active Directory feature – Managed Service Identity. Managed Service Identity helps solve the chicken and egg bootstrap problem of needing credentials to connect to the Azure Key Vault to retrieve credentials. When used in conjunction with Virtual Machines, Web Apps and Azure Functions that meant having to implement methods to obfuscate credentials that were stored within them. I touched on one method that I’ve used a lot in this post here whereby I encrypt the credential and store it in the Application Settings, but it still required a keyfile to allow reversing of the encryption as part of the automation process. Thankfully those days are finally behind us.

I strongly recommend you read the Managed Service Identity announcement to understand more about what MSI is.

This post details using Managed Service Identity in PowerShell Azure Function Apps.

Enabling Managed Service Identity on your Azure Function App

In the Azure Portal navigate to your Azure Function Web App. Select it and then from the main-pane select the Platform Features tab then select Managed service identity.

Turn the toggle the switch to On for Register with Azure Active Directory then select Save.

Back in Platform Features under General Settings select Application Settings.

Under Application Settings you will see a subset of the environment variables/settings for your Function App. In my environment I don’t see the Managed Service Identity variables there. So lets keep digging.

Under Platform Features select Console.

When the Console loads, type Set. Scroll down and you should see MSI_ENDPOINT and MSI_SECRET.

NOTE: These variables weren’t immediately available in my environment. The next morning they were present. So I’m assuming there is a back-end process that populates them once you have enabled Managed Service Identity. And it takes more than a couple of hours

Creating a New Azure Function App that uses Managed Service Identity

We will now create a new PowerShell Function App that will use Managed Service Identity to retrieve credentials from an Azure Key Vault.

From your Azure Function App, next to Functions select the + to create a New Function. I’m using a HttpTrigger PowerShell Function. Give it a name and select Create.

Put the following lines into the top of your function and select Save and Run.

# MSI Variables via Function Application Settings Variables
# Endpoint and Password
$endpoint = $env:MSI_ENDPOINT
$endpoint
$secret = $env:MSI_SECRET
$secret

You will see in the output the values of these two variables.

Key Vault

Now that we know we have Managed Service Identity all ready to go, we need to allow our Function App to access our Key Vault. If you don’t have a Key Vault already then read this post where I detail how to quickly get started with the Key Vault.

Go to your Key Vault and select Access Polices from the left menu list.

Select Add new, Select Principal and locate your Function App and click Select.

As my vault contains multiple credential types, I enabled the policy for Get for all types. Select Ok. Then select Save.

We now have our Function App enabled to access the Key Vault.

Finally in your Key Vault, select a secret you want to retrieve via your Function App and copy out the Secret Identifier from the Properties.

Function App Script

Here is my Sample PowerShell Function App script that will connect to the Key Vault and retrieve credentials. Line 12 should be the only line you need to update for your Key Vault Secret that you want to retrieve. Ensure you still have the API version at the end (which isn’t in the URI you copy from the Key Vault) /?api-version=2015-06-01

When run the output if you have everything correct will look below.

Summary

We now have the basis of a script that we can use in our Azure Functions to allow us to use the Managed Service Identity function to connect to an Azure Key Vault and retrieve credentials. We’ve limited the access to the Key Vault to the Azure Function App to only GET the credential. The only piece of information we had to put in our Function App was the URI for the credential we want to retrieve. Brilliant.

May 24, 2017January 8, 2018

How to access Microsoft Identity Manager Hybrid Report data using PowerShell, Graph API and oAuth2

Hybrid Reporting is a great little feature of Microsoft Identity Manager. A small agent installed on the MIM Sync Server will send reporting data to Azure for MIM SSPR and MIM Group activities. See how to install and configure it here.

But what if you want to get the reporting data without going to the Azure Portal and looking at the Audit Reports ? Enter the Azure AD Reports and Events REST API that is currently in preview. It took me a couple of cracks and getting this working, because documentation is a little vague especially when accessing it via PowerShell and oAuth2. So I’ve written it up and hope it helps for anyone else looking to go down this route.

Gotchas

Accessing the Reports via the API has a couple of caveats that I had to work through:

Having the correct permissions to access the report data. Pretty much everything you read tells you that you need to be a Global Admin. Once I had my oAuth tokens I messed around a little and a was able to also get the following from back from the API when purposely using an identity that didn’t have the right permissions. The key piece is “Api request is not from global admin or security admin or security reader role”. I authorized the WebApp using an account that is in the Security Reader Role, and can successfully access the report data.

Reading the documentation here on MSDN I incorrectly assumed each category was the report name. Only when I called the “https://graph.windows.net//$metadata?api-version=beta” and looked at the list of reports I noticed each report was plural.The three that I wanted to access (and report on) are obviously the MIM Hybrid Reports;

"Name":  "mimSsgmGroupActivityEvents",
"Name":  "mimSsprActivityEvents",
"Name":  "mimSsprRegistrationActivityEvents",

Here is the full list of Reports available as of 24 May 2017.

{
    "Name":  "b2cAuthenticationCountSummary",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "b2cMfaRequestCount",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "b2cMfaRequestEvent",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "b2cAuthenticationEvent",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "b2cAuthenticationCount",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "b2cMfaRequestCountSummary",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "tenantUserCount",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "applicationUsageDetailEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "applicationUsageSummaryEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}
{
    "Name":  "b2cUserJourneySummaryEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "b2cUserJourneyEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "cloudAppDiscoveryEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "mimSsgmGroupActivityEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}
{
    "Name":  "ssgmGroupActivityEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}
{
    "Name":  "mimSsprActivityEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}
{
    "Name":  "ssprActivityEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}
{
    "Name":  "mimSsprRegistrationActivityEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}
{
    "Name":  "ssprRegistrationActivityEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}
{
    "Name":  "threatenedCredentials",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "compromisedCredentials",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "auditEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "accountProvisioningEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "signInsFromUnknownSourcesEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "signInsFromIPAddressesWithSuspiciousActivityEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}
{
    "Name":  "signInsFromMultipleGeographiesEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "signInsFromPossiblyInfectedDevicesEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}
{
    "Name":  "irregularSignInActivityEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}
{
    "Name":  "allUsersWithAnomalousSignInActivityEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}
{
    "Name":  "signInsAfterMultipleFailuresEvents",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "applicationUsageSummary",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}
{
    "Name":  "userActivitySummary",
    "LicenseRequired":  "False"
}
{
    "Name":  "groupActivitySummary",
    "LicenseRequired":  "True"
}

How to Access the Reporting API using PowerShell

What you need to do is;

Register a WebApp
- Assign a reply to URL of https://localhost
- Assign it Read.Directory permissions
Get an oAuth2 Authentication Code using an account that is either Global Admin or in the Security Admin or Security Reader Azure Roles
Use your Bearer and Refresh tokens to query for the reports you’re interested in

Register your WebApp

In the Azure Portal create a new Web app/API app and assign it https://localhost as the Reply URL. Record the Application ID for use in the PowerShell script.

Assign the Read Directory data permission as shown below

Obtain a key from the Keys option on your new Web App. Record it for use in the PowerShell script.

Generate an Authentication Code, get a Bearer and Refresh Token

Update the following script, changing Lines 5 & 6 for the ApplicationID/ClientId and Client Secret for the WebApp you created above.

Run the script and you will be prompted to authenticate. Use an account in the tenant where you created the Web App that is a Global Admin or in the Security Admin or Security Reader Azure Roles. You will need to change the location where you want the refresh.token stored (line 18).

If you’ve done everything correctly you have authenticated, got an AuthCode which was then used to get your Authorization Tokens. The value of the $Authorization variable should look similar to this;

Now you can use the Refresh token to generate new Authorization Tokens when they time out, simply by calling the Get-NewTokens function included in the script above.

Querying the Reporting API

Now that you have the necessary prerequisites sorted you can query the Reporting API.

Here are a couple of simple queries to return some data to get you started. Update the script for the tenant name of your AzureAD. With the $Authorization values from the script above you can get data for the MIM Hybrid Reports.

May 23, 2017October 30, 2018

Synchronizing Exchange Online/Office 365 User Profile Photos with FIM/MIM

Introduction

This is Part Two in the two-part blog post on managing users profile photos with Microsoft FIM/MIM. Part one here detailed managing users Azure AD/Active Directory profile photo. This post delves deeper into photos, specifically around Office 365 and the reason why you may want to manage these via FIM/MIM.

Background

User profile photos should be simple to manage. But in a rapidly moving hybrid cloud world it can be a lot more complex than it needs to be. The best summary I’ve found of this evolving moving target is from Paul Ryan here.

Using Paul’s sound advice we too are advising our customers to let users manage their profile photo (within corporate guidelines) via Exchange Online. However as described in this article photos managed in OnPremise Active Directory are synchronized to Azure AD and on to other Office365 services only once. And of course we want them to be consistent across AD DS, Azure AD, Exchange Online and all other Office365 Services.

This post details synchronizing user profile photos from Exchange Online to MIM for further synchronization to other systems. The approach uses a combination of Azure GraphAPI and Exchange Remote PowerShell to manage Exchange Online User Profile Photos.

Current State

Users historically had a photo in Active Directory. DirSync/ADSync/AzureADConnect then synchronized that to Azure AD (and once only into Office 365).
Users update their photo in Office365 (via Exchange Online and Outlook Web Access)
- the photo is synchronized across Office365 Services

Desired State

An extension of the Current State is the requirement to be able to take the image uploaded by users in Exchange Online, and synchronize it back to the OnPremise AD, and any other relevant services that leverage a profile photo
Have AzureADConnect keep AzureAD consistent with the new photo obtained from Office365 that is synchronized to the OnPrem Active Directory
Sync the current photo to the MIM Portal

Synchronizing User Profile Photos with Microsoft Identity Manager

Synchronizing Office365 Profile Photos

Whilst Part-one dealt with the AzureAD side of profile photos as an extension to an existing AzureAD PowerShell Management Agent for FIM/MIM, I’ve separated out the Office365 side to streamline it and make it as efficient as possible. More on that later. As such I’ve created a new PowerShell Management Agent specifically for Office365 User Profile Photos.

I’m storing the Exchange Online photo in the MIM Metaverse as a binary object just as I did for the AzureAD photo (but in a different attribute ). I’m also storing a checksum of the photos (as I did for the AzureAD Photo, but also in a different attribute) to make it easier for comparing what is in Azure AD and Exchange Online, to then be used to determine if changes have been made (eg. user updated their profile photo).

Photo Checksum

For generating the hash of the profile photos I’m using Get-Hash from the Powershell Community Extensions. Whilst PowerShell has Get-FileHash I don’t want to write the profile photos out to disk and read them back in just to get the checksum. That slows the process up by 25%. You can get the checksum using a number of different methods and algorithms. Just be consistent and use the same method across both profile photos and you’ll be comparing apples with apples and the comparison logic will work.

Some notes on Photos and Exchange Online (and MFA)

This is where things went off on a number of tangents. Initially I tried accessing the photos using Exchange Online Remote PowerShell.

CAVEAT 1: If your Office365 Tenant is enabled for Multi-Factor Authentication (which it should be) you will need to get the Exchange Online Remote PowerShell Module as detailed here. Chances are you won’t have full Office365 Admin access though, so as long as the account you will be using is in the Recipient Management Role you should be able to go to the Exchange Control Panel using a URL like https://outlook.office365.com/ecp/?realm=<tenantname>&wa=wsignin1.0 where tenantname is something like customer.com.au From the Hybrid menu on in the right handside pane you will then be able to download the Microsoft.Online.CSE.PSModule.Client.application I had to use Internet Explorer to download the file and get it installed successfully. Once installed I used a few lines from this script here to load the Function and start my RPS session from within PowerShell ISE during solution development.

CAVEAT 2: The EXO RPS MFA PS Function doesn’t allow you to pass it your account password. You can pass it the identity you want to use, but not the password. That makes scheduled process automation with it impossible.

CAVEAT 3: The RPS session exposes the Get-UserPhoto cmdlet which is great. But the RPS session leverages the GraphAPI. The RPS PS Module doesn’t refresh it’s tokens, so if the import takes longer than 60 minutes then using this method you’re a bit stuffed.

CAVEAT 4: Using the Get-UserPhoto cmdlet detailed above, the syncing of photos is slow. As in I was only getting ~4 profile photos per minute slow. This also goes back to the token refresh issue as for pretty much any environment of the size I deal with, this is too slow and will timeout.

CAVEAT 5: You can whitelist the IP Address (or subnet) of your host so MFA is not required using Contextual IP Addressing Whitelisting. At that point there isn’t really a need to use the MFA Enabled PREVIEW EXO RPS function anyway. That said I still needed to whitelist my MIM Sync Server(s) from MFA to allow integration into the Graph API. I configured just the single host. The whitelist takes CIDR format so that looks like /32 (eg. 11.2.33.4/32)

Performance Considerations

As I mentioned above,

using the Get-UserPhoto cmdlet was slow. ~4 per minute slow
using the GraphAPI into Exchange Online and looking at each user and determining if they had a photo then downloading it, was also slow. Slow because at this customer only ~50% of their users have a photo on their mailbox. As such I was only able to retrieve ~145 photos in 25 minutes. *Note: all timings listed above were during development and actually outputting the images to disk to verify functionality.

Implemented Solution

After all my trial and error on this, here is my final approach and working solution;

Use the Exchange Online Remote PowerShell (non-MFA version) to query and return a collection of all mailboxes with an image *Note, add an exception for your MIM Sync host to the white-listed hosts for MFA (if your Office365 Tenant is enabled for MFA) so the process can be automated
Use the Graph API to obtain those photos
- with this I was able to retrieve ~1100 profile photos in ~17* minutes (after ~2 minutes to query and get the list of mailboxes with a profile photo)

Pre-requisites

There’s a lot of info above, so let me summarize the pre-requisties;

The Granfeldt PowerShell MA
Whitelist your FIM/MIM Sync Server from MFA (if your Office 365 environment is enabled for MFA)
Add the account you will run the MA as, that will in turn connect to EXO via RPS to the Recipient Management Role
Create a WebApp for the PS MA to use to access users Profile Photos via the Graph API (fastest method)
Powershell Community Extensions to generate the image checksum

Creating the WebApp to access Office365 User Profile Photos

Go to your Azure Portal and select the Azure Active Directory Blade from the Resource Menu bar on the left. Then select App Registrations and from the Manage Section of the Azure Active Directory menu, and finally from the top of the main pane select “New Application Registration“.

Give it a name and select Web app/API as the type of app. Make the sign-in URL https://localhost and then select Create.

Record the ApplicationID that you see in the Registered App Essentials window. You’ll need this soon.

Now select All Settings => Required Permissions. Select Read all users basic profiles in addition to Sign in and read user profile. Select Save.

Under Required Permissions select Add and then select 1 Select an API, and select Office 365 Exchange Online then click Select.

Choose 2 Select Permissions and then select Read user profiles and Read all users’ basic profiles. Click Select.

Select Grant Permissions

From Settings select Keys, give your key a Description, choose a key lifetime and select Save. RECORD the key value. You’ll need this along with the WebApp ApplicationID/ClientID for the Import.ps1 script.

Using the information from your newly registered WebApp, we need to perform the first authentication (and authorization of the WebApp) to the Graph API. Taking your ApplicationID, Key (Client Secret) and the account you will use on on the Management Agent (and that you have assigned the Recipient Management Role in Exchange Online) and run the script detailed in this post here. It will authenticate you to your new WebApp via the GraphAPI after asking you to provide the account you will use on the MA and Authorizing the permissions you selected when registering the app. It will also create a refresh.token file which we will give to the MA to automate our connection. The Authorization dialog looks like this.

Creating the Management Agent

Now we can create our Management Agent using the Granfeldt PowerShell Management Agent. If you haven’t created one before checkout a post like this one, that further down the post shows the creation of a Granfeldt PSMA. Don’t forget to provide blank export.ps1 and password.ps1 files on the directory where you place the PSMA scripts.

PowerShell Management Agent Schema.ps1

PowerShell Management Agent Import.ps1

As detailed above the PSMA will leverage the WebApp to read users Exchange Profile Photos via the Graph API. The Import script also leverages Remote Powershell into Exchange Online (for reasons also detailed above). The account you run the Management Agent as will need to be added to the Recipient Management Role Group in order to use Remote PowerShell into Exchange Online and get the information required.

Take the Import.ps1 script below and update;

Update lines 11, 24 and 42 for the path to where you have put your PSMA. Mine is under the Extensions directory in a directory named EXOPhotos.
copy the refresh.token generated when authenticating and authorizing the WebApp earlier into the directory you specified in line 42 above.
Create a Debug directory under the directory you specified in lines 11,24 and 42 above so you can see what the MA is doing as you implement and debug it the first few times.
I’ve written the Import to use Paged Imports, so make sure you tick the Paged Imports checkbox on the configuration of the MA
Update Lines 79 and 80 with your ApplicationID and Client Secret that you recorded when creating your WebApp

Running the Exchange User Profile Photos MA

Now that you have created the MA, you should have select the EXOUser ObjectClass and the attributes defined in the schema. You should also create the EXOPhoto (as Binary) and EXOPhotoChecksum (as String) attributes in the Metaverse on the person ObjectType (assuming you are using the built-in person ObjectType).

Configure your flow rules to flow the EXOPhoto and EXOPhotoChecksum on the MA to their respective attributes in the MV.

Create a Stage Only run profile and run it. If you have done everything correctly you will see photos come into the Connector Space.

Looking at the Connector Space, I can see EXOPhoto and EXOPhotoChecksum have been imported.

After performing a Synchronization to get the data from the Connector Space into the Metaverse it is time to test the image that lands in the Metaverse. That is quick and easy via PowerShell and the Lithnet MIIS Automation PowerShell Module.

$me = Get-MVObject -ObjectType person -Attribute accountName -Value "drobinson"
$me.Attributes.EXOPhoto.Values.ValueBinary
[System.Io.File]::WriteAllBytes("c:\temp\myOutlookphoto.jpg" ,$me.Attributes.EXOPhoto.Values.ValueBinary )

The file is output to the directory with the filename specified.

Opening the file reveals correctly my Profile Photo.

Summary

In Part one we got the AzureAD/Active Directory photo. In this post we got the Office365 photo.

Now that we have the images from Office365 we need to synchronize any update to photos to Active Directory (and in-turn via AADConnect to Azure AD). Keep in mind the image size limits for Active Directory and that we retrieved the largest photo available from Office365 when synchronizing the photo on. There are a number of PowerShell modules for photo manipulation that will allow you to resize accordingly.

May 23, 2017November 18, 2018

How to Synchronize users Active Directory/Azure Active Directory Photo using Microsoft Identity Manager

Introduction

Whilst Microsoft FIM/MIM can be used to do pretty much anything your requirements dictate, dealing with object types other than text and references can be a little tricky when manipulating them the first time. User Profile Photos fall into that category as they are stored in the directory as binary objects. Throw in Azure AD and obtaining and synchronizing photos can seem like adding a double back-flip to the scenario.

This post is Part 1 of a two-part post. Part two is here. This is essentially the introduction to the how-to piece before extending the solution past a users Active Directory Profile Photo to their Office 365 Profile Photo. Underneath the synchronization and method for dealing with the binary image data is the same, but the API’s and methods used are different when you are looking to implement the solution for any scale.

As for why you would want to do this, refer to Part two here. It details why you may want to do this.

Overview

As always I’m using my favourite PowerShell Management Agent (the Granfeldt PSMA). I’ve updated an existing Management Agent I had for Azure AD that is described here. I highly recommend you use that as the basis for the extra photo functionality that I describe in this post. Keep in mind the AzureADPreview, now AzureAD Powershell Module has change the ADAL Helper Libraries. I detail the changes here so you can get AuthN to work with the new libraries.

Therefore the changes to my previous Azure AD PowerShell MA are to add two additional attributes to the Schema script, and include the logic to import users profile photo (if they have one) in the Import script.

Schema.ps1

Take the schema.ps1 from my Azure AD PSMA here and add the following two lines to the bottom (before the $obj in the last line where I’ve left an empty line (29)).

$obj | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name "AADPhoto|Binary" -Value 0x20 
$obj | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name "AADPhotoChecksum|String" -Value "23973abc382373"

The AADPhoto attribute of type Binary is where we will store the photo. The AADPhotoChecksum attribute of type String is where we will store a checksum of the photo for use in logic if we need to determine if images have changed easily during imports.

Import.ps1

Take the import.ps1 from my Azure AD PSMA here and make the following additions;

On your MIM Sync Server download/install the Pscx PowerShell Module.
- The Pscx Powershell Module is required for Get-Hash (to calculate Image checksum) based on variables vs a file on the local disk
- You can get the module from the Gallery using Install-Module Pscx -Force
- Add these two lines up the top of the import.ps1 script. Around line 26 is a good spot

# Powershell Module required for Get-Hash (to calculate Image checksum)
Import-Module Pscx

Add the following lines into the Import.ps1 in the section where we are creating the object to pass to the MA. After the $obj.Add(“AADCity”,$user.city) line is a good spot.
What the script below does is create a WebClient rather than use Invoke-RestMethod or Invoke-WebRequest to get the users Azure AD Profile image only if the ‘thumbnailPhoto@odata.mediaContentType’ attribute exists which indicates the user has a profile photo. I’m using the WebClient over the PowerShell Invoke-RestMethod or Invoke-WebRequest functions so that the returned object is in binary format (rather than being returned as a string), which saves having to convert it to binary or output to a file and read it back in. The WebClient is also faster for transferring images/data.
Once the image has been returned (line 8 below) the image is added to the object as the attribute AADPhoto to be passed to the MA (line 11)
Line 14 gets the checksum for the image and adds that to the AADPhotoChecksum attribute in line 16.

Other changes

Now that you’ve updated the Schema and Import scripts, you will need to;

Refresh your schema on your Azure AD PSMA to get the new attributes (AADPhoto and AADPhotoChecksum) added
Select the two new attributes in the Attributes section of your Azure AD PSMA
Create in your MetaVerse via the MetaVerse Designer two new attributes on the person (or whatever ObjectType you are using for users), for AADPhoto and AADPhotoChecksum. Make sure that AADPhoto is of type Binary and AADPhotoChecksum is of type string.

Configure your Attribute Flow on your Azure AD PSMA to import the AADPhoto and AADPhotoChecksum attributes into the Metaverse. Once done and you’ve performed an Import and Sync you will have Azure AD Photos in your MV.

How do you know they are correct ? Let’s extract one from the MV, write it to a file and have a look at it. This small script using the Lithnet MIIS Automation PowerShell Module makes it easy. First I get my user object from the MV. I then have a look at the text string version of the image (to make sure it is there), then output the binary version to a file in the C:\Temp directory.

$me = Get-MVObject -ObjectType person -Attribute accountName -Value "drobinson"
[string]$myphoto = $me.Attributes.AADPhoto.Values.ValueString
[System.Io.File]::WriteAllBytes("c:\temp\UserPhoto.jpg" ,$me.Attributes.AADPhoto.Values.ValueBinary )

Sure enough. The image is valid.

Conclusion

Photos are still just bits of data. Once you know how to get them and manipulate them you can do what ever you need to with them. See Part two that takes this concept and extends it to Office 365.

May 22, 2017November 30, 2017

A quick start guide to leveraging the Azure Graph API with PowerShell and oAuth 2.0

Introduction

In September 2016 I wrote this post detailing integrating with the Azure Graph API via PowerShell and oAuth 2.0.

Since that point in time I’ve found myself doing considerably more via PowerShell and the Graph API using oAuth. I regularly find myself leveraging previous scripts to generate a new script for the initial connection. To the point that I decided to make this simpler and provide a nice clean starting point for new scripts.

This blog post details a simple script to generate a couple of PowerShell Functions that can be the basis for integration with Graph API using PowerShell via a WebApp using oAuth2.

Overview

This script will request the necessary information required to call into the Graph API and establish a session. Specifically;

The API Endpoint. Historically there were many different API endpoints depending on what you are integrating with. Microsoft is moving to simplify this (great article here about the evolving API), but it is still a work in progress. For this example I’ll be using graph.microsoft.com which is where Microsoft are heading. If you need access to an API not currently on the Graph API see here to workout which API Endpoint fits your apps requirements. In short though typically all that changes between API’s is the Resource (API end-point) and the scope (what permissions your app will have). Variations to the primary Graph API endpoint is when you are integrating with applications such as OneNote (https://www.onenote.com/api), Office 365 Discovery Service (https://api.office.com/discovery/), One Drive etc.
The ClientID and the ClientSecret associated with your WebApp that you have registered in the Application Registration Portal
The Scope of the WebApp. To make it seamless this should be done via the WebApp registration in the Application Registration Portal and configured as part of the PowerShell web requests

Armed with this information the shell of a PowerShell script will be created that will;

Authenticate a user to Graph API via Powershell and oAuth 2.0
Request Authorization for the WebApp to access the Scope provided (if Admin approval scope is requested and the AuthN is performed by a non-admin an authorization failure message will appear detailing an Administrator must authorize).
Obtain and Authorization Code which will contain the Bearer Token and Refresh Token.
- The Bearer token can be used to make Graph API calls for up to 1 hour.
- The Refresh token will allow you to request a new token and allow your script to be used again to interact via Graph API without going through the Authentication process again.

The following graphic shows this flow.

Create/Register your Application

Go to the Application Registration Portal https://apps.dev.microsoft.com/ and sign in. This is the new portal for registering your apps. It will show any previous apps you registered within AzureAD and any of the new “Converged Apps” you’ve created via the new Application Registration Portal.

Select Add an app from the Converged applications list.

Give your app a name and select Create

Record the Application ID (previously known as the Client ID) and select Generate New Password.

You will be provided your Client Secret. Record this now as it is the only time you will see it. Select Ok.

By default you will get User.Read permissions on the API. That is enough for this sample. Depending on what you will do with the API you will probably need to come and change the permissions or do it dynamically via the values you supply the $resource setting in your API calls.

Select Platforms, select Web and add a reply URL of https://localhost

Scroll to the bottom of the Registration windows and select Save.

Generate your PowerShell Graph API oAuth Script

Copy the following script and put it into an Administrator PowerShell/PowerShell ISE session and run it.

It will ask you to choose a folder to output the resultant PowerShell Script to. You can create a new folder through this dialog window if require.

The script will prompt you for the Client/Application ID, Client Secret and the Reply URL you obtained when registering the Web App in the steps above.

The script will be written out to the folder you chose in the first step and it will be executed. It will prompt you to authenticate. Provide the credentials you used when you created the App in the Application Registration Portal.

You will be prompted to Authorize the WebApp. Select Accept

If you’ve executed the previous steps correctly you’ll receive an AuthCode in your PowerShell output window

You’ll then see the output for a sample query for your user account and below that the successful call for a refresh of the tokens.

Summary

In the folder you chose you will find a PowerShell script with the name Connect-to-Microsoft-Graph.ps1. You will also find a file named refresh.token. You can use the script to authenticate with your new app, but more simply use the Get-NewTokens function to refresh your tokens and then write your own API queries to your app using the tokens. Unless you change the scope you don’t need to run Get-AzureAuthN again. Just use Get-NewTokens before your API calls.

e.g

Get-NewTokens  
$myManager = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Headers @{Authorization = "Bearer $accesstoken"
 'Content-Type' = 'application/json'} `
 -Uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/manager"

 $myManager

Change the scope of your app to get more information. If you add a scope that requires Admin consent (and you’re not an admin), when prompted to authenticate you will need to get an Admin to authenticate and authorize the scope. Because you’ve changed the scope you will need to run the Get-AzureAuthN function again after updating $scope (as per below) and the dependent $scopeEncoded.

As the screen shot below shows I added the Mail.Read permission. I changed the $scope in the script so that it reflected the changes e.g

#Scope
$scope = "User.Read Mail.Read"
$scopeEncoded = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode($scope)

When running the script again (because of the change of scope) you will be prompted to confirm the change of access.

You can then query your inbox, e.g.

 $myMail = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Headers @{Authorization = "Bearer $accesstoken"
 'Content-Type' = 'application/json'} `
 -Uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/messages"
 $mymail

And there is mail messages from your inbox.

I hope that makes getting started with the oAuth2 Graph API via PowerShell a lot simpler than it was for me initially, with the differing endpoints, evolving API and the associated documentation somewhere in-between.

April 11, 2017November 18, 2018

Joining Identities between Active Directory and Azure Active Directory using Microsoft Identity Manager

Joining Identities between Active Directory and Azure on ObjectSID

Introduction

One of the foundations of Identity Management is the ability to join an identity between disparate connected systems. As we extend our management of identities into cloud services this adds a few twists.

A key concept is to use an anchor that is persistent. Something that doesn’t change through a users life-cycle. A user’s Security IDentifier (SID) in Active Directory is perfect. It doesn’t change when a user or group may get renamed. What gets interesting is how the SID is represented when returned using different methods. That is what I quickly cover in this post.

Overview

The defacto method for connecting your OnPremise Active Directory to Azure Active Directory is to use Azure Active Directory Connect. AADC will synchronise users and groups SID’s to the corresponding object in AAD into the onPremisesSecurityIdentifier attribute.

When the onPremisesSecurityIdentifier attribute is retrieved via the GraphAPI the format looks like this: S-1-5-21-3878594291-2115959936-132693609-65242

Using an Active Directory Management Agent for FIM/MIM and synchronizing the objectSID from the OnPremise AD represents the value in the Metaverse in binary format which when viewed as text looks like this: 15000005210002431664623112825230126105190232781820

Translating SID formats so we can join identities

What we need to do is translate the string representation of the SID returned from the GraphAPI and AzureAD so that we have it in a binary format. Then we can then use those attributes in join rules to match users/groups between AzureAD and our OnPremise Active Directory.

In my environments I’m using the out of the box FIM/MIM Active Directory Management Agent. For Azure AD/Office 365 I’m using the Granfeldt PowerShell Management Agent to integrate with Azure AD via the GraphAPI.

On my AzureAD PowerShell Management Agent I have an attribute named AADonPremiseSID configured with the format as Binary in my PSMA Schema.ps1 as shown below.

$obj | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name "AADonPremiseSID|Binary" -Value 0x10

On my Azure AD PSMA I have the following lines in my Import.ps1 which essentially takes the value retrieved from the GraphAPI S-1-5-21-3878594291-2115959936-132693609-65242 and converts it to a binary array that in text looks something like 15000005210002431664623112825230126105190232721825400 and stores it in the AADonPremiseSID binary attribute in the connector space.

# Create SID .NET object using SID string from AAD S-1-500-........ 
$sid = New-Object system.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier $user.onPremisesSecurityIdentifier
 
#Create a byte array for the length of the users SID
$BinarySid = new-object byte[]($sid.BinaryLength)

#Copy the binary SID into the byte array, starting at index 0
$sid.GetBinaryForm($BinarySid, 0)

#Add the SID to the user in the connector space
$obj.Add("AADonPremiseSID",$BinarySid)

This then lets me join my users (and groups using the same method) between AD and AAD. Essentially a line to put it into Security Identifier format, two lines to convert it to a binary array and a line to store it in the connector space. Simple when you don’t over think it.

I’m posting this because I know I’m going to need to do this often. Hope it helps someone else too.

February 17, 2017September 28, 2018

How to create a PowerShell FIM/MIM Management Agent for AzureAD Groups using Differential Sync and Paged Imports

Introduction

I’ve been working on a project where I must have visibility of a large number of Azure AD Groups into Microsoft Identity Manager.

In order to make this efficient I need to use the Differential Query function of the AzureAD Graph API. I’ve detailed that before in this post How to create an AzureAD Microsoft Identity Manager Management Agent using the MS GraphAPI and Differential Queries. Due to the number of groups and the number of members in the Azure AD Groups I needed to implement Paged Imports on my favourite PowerShell Management Agent (Granfeldt PowerShell MA). I’ve previously detailed that before too here How to configure Paged Imports on the Granfeldt FIM/MIM PowerShell Management Agent.

This post details using these concepts together specifically for AzureAD Groups.

Pre-Requisites

Read the two posts linked to above. They will detail Differential Queries and Paged Imports. My solution also utilises another of my favourite PowerShell Modules. The Lithnet MIIS Automation PowerShell Module. Download and install that on the MIM Sync Server where you be creating the MA.

Configuration

Now that you’re up to speed, all you need to do is create your Granfeldt PowerShell Management Agent. That’s also covered in the post linked above How to create an AzureAD Microsoft Identity Manager Management Agent using the MS GraphAPI and Differential Queries.

What you need is the Schema and Import PowerShell Scripts. Here they are.

Schema.ps1

Two object classes on the MA as we need to have users that are members of the groups on the same MA as membership is a reference attribute. When you bring through the Groups into the MetaVerse and assuming you have an Azure AD Users MA using the same anchor attribute then you’ll get the reference link for the members and their full object details.

Import.ps1

Here is my PSMA Import.ps1 that performs what is described in the overview. Enumerate AzureAD for Groups, import the active ones along with group membership.

Summary

This is one solution for managing a large number of Azure AD Groups with large memberships via a PS MA with paged imports showing progress thanks to differential sync which then allows for subsequent quick delta-sync run profiles.

I’m sure this will help someone else. Enjoy.

Follow Darren on Twitter @darrenjrobinson

September 13, 2016November 30, 2017

Leveraging the Microsoft Graph API with PowerShell and OAuth 2.0

Background

Microsoft Graph is the evolvement of API’s into Microsoft Cloud Services. For me not being a developer, a key difference is interacting with with Graph API using OAuth 2.0 via PowerShell. Through a number of my previous posts I’ve interacted with the Graph API using client libraries such as the Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory library. This post details using PowerShell to talk directly to Graph API and managing Authentication and Authorization using OAuth 2.0 and Azure WebApp.

Leveraging the Graph API opens up access to the continually evolving Azure services as shown in the graphic below. Source graph.microsoft.io

Getting started with the Graph API, PowerShell and OAuth 2.0

The key difference between using a client library and going direct is you need to register and configure an Azure WebApp. It is super simple to do. Jump on over to the Office 365 App Registration Tool here. Sign in with an account associated with the Azure Tenant you are going to interact with. Depending on what you’re doing you’ll need to select the appropriate access.

Here’s the settings I selected for access to user profiles. Give the WebApp a name. This is the name that you’ll see in the OAuth Authorization step later on. I’ve highlighted the other key settings. Don’t worry about the SignIn and RedirectURL’s other than configuring HTTPS as we’ll be using PowerShell to access the WebApp.

Once you’ve registered the WebApp successfully you’ll get a Client ID and Client Secret. RECORD/WRITE THESE DOWN NOW as you won’t get access to your Client Secret again.

If you want to change what your WebApp has access to after creating it you can access it via the Classic Azure Portal. Select your Active Directory => Select Applications => Select the WebApp you created earlier => Select Configure => (scroll to the bottom) Select Add Application. Depending on what you have in your subscription you can add access to your services as shown below.

Authenticating & Authorizing

In order to access the Graph API we need to get our Authorization Code. We only need to do this the first time.

This little script (modify with your Client ID and your Client Secret obtained earlier when we registered our WebApp) will prompt you to authenticate.

Using the account associated with the Web App you registered in the previous step authenticate.

You’ll be requested to authorize your application.

You will then have your AuthCode.

One thing to note above is admin_consent. This is from the URL passed to get the Authorization Code. &prompt=admin_consent is giving Admin Consent to all entities configured on the WebApp over just access for and to a single user.

Accessing the Graph API with OAuth 2.0 Access Token

Using your ClientID, ClientSecret and AuthCode you can now get your access token. I tripped up here and was getting Invoke-RestMethod : {“error”:”invalid_client”,”error_description”:”AADSTS70002: Error validating credentials.
AADSTS50012: Invalid client secret is provided. Tracing back my steps and looking at my “Client Secret” I noticed the special characters in it that I hadn’t URL Encoded. After doing that I was successfully able to get my access token.

Looking at our AuthZ we can see that the Scope is what was selected when registering the WebApp.

Now using the Access Token I can query the Graph API. Here is getting my AAD Object.

Summary

In my case I now can access all users via the API. Here is what’s available. Using the Access Token and modifying the Invoke-RestMethod URI and Method (including -Body if you are doing a Post/Patch action) you are ready to rock and roll and all via PowerShell.

Your Access Token is valid for an hour. Before then you will need to refresh it. Just run the $Authorization = Invoke-RestMethod ….. line again.

Follow Darren on Twitter @darrenjrobinson

Introduction

Overview

Prerequisites

Setting up an Azure AD User Account for the Management Agent

Management Agent Scripts

Schema Script

Import.ps1

Export.ps1

Declarative Sync Rules

Creation Sync Rule

Naming Update Sync Rule

Example of Inviting Guests

Notification Emails

Summary

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Introduction

Overview

Microsoft Graph Permissions

Creating the Import/Inbound Sync Rules Azure Tenants

Creating the Export/Outbound Sync Rule to a Partner B2B Tenant

Sets, Workflows and MPR’s

End to End

Summary

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Introduction

Enabling Managed Service Identity on your Azure Function App

Creating a New Azure Function App that uses Managed Service Identity

Key Vault

Function App Script

Summary

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Gotchas

How to Access the Reporting API using PowerShell

Register your WebApp

Generate an Authentication Code, get a Bearer and Refresh Token

Querying the Reporting API

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Introduction

Background

Current State

Desired State

Synchronizing Office365 Profile Photos

Photo Checksum

Some notes on Photos and Exchange Online (and MFA)

Implemented Solution

Pre-requisites

Creating the WebApp to access Office365 User Profile Photos

Creating the Management Agent

PowerShell Management Agent Schema.ps1

PowerShell Management Agent Import.ps1

Running the Exchange User Profile Photos MA

Summary

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Introduction

Overview

Schema.ps1

Import.ps1

Other changes

Conclusion

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Introduction

Overview

Create/Register your Application

Generate your PowerShell Graph API oAuth Script

Summary

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Introduction

Overview

Translating SID formats so we can join identities

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Introduction

Pre-Requisites

Configuration

Schema.ps1

Import.ps1

Summary

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Background

Getting started with the Graph API, PowerShell and OAuth 2.0

Authenticating & Authorizing